About my XJ-S 1980 pre-HE
GM-400 (automatic gear box)


I've had already a lot of problems with my GM-400 and I've to say it's hard to get information about, so I decided to write this page with my tales and the ones of others. Hope it help ! Be welcome for suggestions and to add your story ! 

 

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Fault diagnosis GM-400

 
Symptom
Reason(s)
Delayed upshift or no upshift Incorrect fluid level 
Faulty modulator 
Faulty detent solenoid 
Restricted exhaust system
No drive or slip in drive Incorrect fluid level 
Incorrect selector cable adjustment
No reverse or slips in reverse Incorrect fluid level 
Incorrect selector cable adjustment
No hold in P Incorrect selector cable adjustment
Drive in N Incorrect selector cable adjustment
Noisy operation Incorrect fluid level 
Blocked filter 
Water in fluid (perforated cooler) 
Loose converter to driveplate bolts 
Cracked driveplate
Squeal during acceleration Worn speedometer driven gear or O-ring seal
 

From Steve: whining noise - turbine sound - bad selection -

"Chad Bolles (thanks Chad) suggested an oil and filter change - and that cured all".  
Let me explain: 

The XJ-S (and mine has 53k on it) has 3 service intervals. I paid 300 ukp for a 15k service, where a 30k one is 450 ukp. The main difference is that the oil is changed in the GM400 and the rear diff. My car has had non Jaguar service through some of its life, so I am suspicious 
that someone took the cheap option at 30k (OK so did I at 51k when I got it- I really should have had the 30K too). 

The car was ok - perhaps a little slow in part throttle down changing  
- but then this seems to be the case normally  
- but mine was supposed to have a more lively 89 on box.  
Then, one day, the car seemed a little noisy mechanically - and this is a car witch is not normally.  
Then the noise was definitely getting louder. A 'turbine' sound, changing with engine revs, even with no gear engaged. 
The basis symptoms were : 

  • A whining noise sounding like a light 'skimming' as if two spinning disks were lightly in contact 
  • The 'turbine' sound. This sound was directly related to engine speed, not road speed.
  • A lag at rest of about 3 secs when engaging reverse from forward gear. On my car, I could select reverse, apply about 4k rpm, then the box would eventually come in and take up drive. It was not necessary to apply 4k - it just illustrates how bad selection was.
  • Slow, reluctant down changes under heavy throttle.
  • Under hard acceleration, the car would NOT change up from first - it would go way over 6k. Had to select N let revs drop, and then a higher gear would be there.
The cause of all this 
  • Dirty oil (brown coloured) and a blocked filter.
In the UK the filter and gasket were 34 and 6 ukp respectively 
- way up from the 5 usd I have seen advertised on usa web sites. 
However, I did get a nice green jaguar carrier bag :) 

In my box, the sump had about 2 mm of thick sludge in the bottom, and the magnet was quite covered in swarf. I cleaned (scraped! - and used water and wash up liquid) the crap out, fitted a new filter, filled with new oil, and I now have a box that has no problems at all. Also, it is a lot more responsive to part throttle down shifting - in fact it feels like it should now - except for the typical poor auto off the line performance. 
I know a few of you will say brown oil means eventual  problems, but right now the box seems fine, and I am not spending ages overhauling the box for no reason. It stands to figure that all those friction plates will wear, it ends up in the oil, and that nice cherry colour does not stay that way for always. 

The other possible reason for failure and the noise is apparently caused by a struggling hydraulic pump pulling in air. 

  • is as Kirby's book says, a fallen filter

  • The way its fixed seems crappy to me. The filter is loosely held in the middle by a single bolt that allows the filter at least one quarter inch of float. The filter is big - it takes up most of the pan floor. It is held stable by a rubber washer at one end that grips the oil pickup tube - which is a plastic thing that goes up into a corner of the box. It grips ok when new - but this thing is running in oil, in a hot environment. 
Kirby's book also recommends  
  • overfilling to raise level of oil to test if the filter has fallen.
A good idea. I drained my oil  off for the change by using the pipes to the radiator, also recommended in the book, before the sump was taken off.  
Beware refilling  
  • mine only took 6 litres (Jag say max. 10) when filled again. If you have really bad oil like mine, it might be an idea to do a 'double fill' (dumping the first set of new oil after a little running) to flush out the torque converter, or at least dilute it a bit - of that retained 4 litres of brown stuff.
Hope this helps! 

Steve

 A story from Greg Meboe :slippage in 2 and R.

 
 Going off advice in 'the book', I delved into the valve body and found that the accumulator piston was broken.  
The symptoms were considerable slippage in 2 and R. 
 I decided to install a shift kit (to lengthen clutch life), and also to fit Type F fluid (for the same reason).  The transmission now shifts more positively than original, but is not bone-jarring.  At light throttle it shifts smoothly.  Just last week I had presumed this transmission to be dead, and began to budget for a replacement. 
        I would highly recommend the shift kit installation for anyone with a GM400 
transmission.  True, my car is a little heavier than an XJ-S, but 3 transmissions in 80K miles is unacceptable.  Hopefully the tide has turned. 
        One other thing I did (last year) to prolong the life of this box was to INSULATE the metal oil cooler lines which run 1 cm. away from the RH catalyst.  I used a multi-ply aluminum foil wrapped and stapled over loose fiberglass cloth weave. 
        This transmission now has the following mods: 
* Lightened Governor (Free, 1/2 the weight ground off) 
* Pinched Vacuum Modulator (Free, per 'the book') 
* B&M Shift Kit ($25, Stage II) 
* Oil Drain Plug added (Free) 
* Type F Fluid, and 3 O-rings installed on the oil pick-up tube ($15) 

        With these modifications I consider the box to be acceptable for this type 
of car (for now).  If I come across an extra $1100, I'll put in a 5-speed. 
I suppose our XJ-12 Coupe would be a more appropriate car for a manual box though. 
        One note: the filter came with one O-ring only.  The B&M shift kit came 
with 2 additional rings, and it said that 2 rings should always be fitted to eliminate air being sucked into the pump.  I was able to get three on, and still have plenty of pipe engagement into the trans case.  The pick up tube is held in very securely now.  Also, I put a rubber washer under the filter bolt head to stop the filter from flopping around.  The filter sits lower with the 3 o-rings too, and I overfilled the tranny by one quart as recommended in the book. 
I hope this is a helpful reference. 
Greg Meboe
 

The author's story: Slipping trans. , impossible to move after 1 minute drive:

 
On day in july 1998, I drove my XJS to go working and stopped at the first light (about 300 meters from home). Wait green light and then my 300 ponies where just abel to push the car like 78 kitty ! Trans. slipping & top speed of 2 mph. After 100 meter the car could not even move. I succeed to move the car by this way.: Stopped the engine waited 20 seconds then I got 1 minute drive credit ! 
Jag-lover forum and Palm's Book suggested to check the oil filter and the O-ring in the transmission pan.  
The cause of all this 
Then we discovered that... no O-ring where fitted !  
To repair: 
The garage just change the filter, put a O-ring (and the oil) and it was OK (for 500 km see below)!

The author's story: By hot weather, the D-gear is like a N ... or 2...  or 1

 
One warm (35C) day in august 1998 my D disappears: Even at the speed of 60 mph, the D do not work: If  I wanted any acceleration, it used the 2 or 1 ;if I let the gas pedal, then it's like the N (Like the old Saab car of early 70's). So you can imagine to get crazy to drive in the country side at the speed of 40 mph with the noise of  a 6000 rpm V-12.  Later the phenomena happens to lower speed too. And some time I disappears when the weather was colder.  
The cause of all this 
Vacuums leak 
To repair: 
The vacuum line was disconnected from the right side manifold and taken somewhere else. (where ? I don't know: My garage never told me it). 
Then it was OK ! (for 6 months see below)
   

The author's story: When I bought the car (mach 98) the speedo didn't work (since 1995).

 
So I fitted the speedo out of the panel. Very hard to turn inside: it was attacked by .. acid.  
Plastic Speedo-gear with 35 teeths !Yea the seller put an old battery inside the car for years ! 
So I put it out, put WD-40 & other oil and then like new (I even put 0 km because the 68'000 km were meaningless )! But the speed still not working: So I ordered to change the cable. But they told me that the cable is ok, the problem is inside the trans. 
So I have to go to a jag specialist to do it. Then the specialist told me that the little plastic gear is not sold any more by Jaguar. I order by internet in England: same result.  
By jag-lovers I learned that the story is stupid because the plastic gear is made by GM and cost about 5$. At the same time, my jag specialist found a second-hand one from friend for the little price of 65 SFr (40$)... what a luke ! 
Then it works 4057 km, and  it broke in january 99.

How to repair it: Jake the car from the bottom (so you avoid to receive 8 liters of oil) unscrew the cable and then I don't know because I can not jake my car in the street. :-( 
Ok the May 19 it was repaired. However the mechanic told me that they fit a plastic gear with 37 teeth (previous was 35). After checking, the km difference is about 1.5% that mean that 37 teethes is correct ! ...and 35 incorrect ! 



Note: Speedometer control 
1) The Km score:  
On the highway there are panels on the side which indicate the km of the road. I compare with my speedo and the difference is 0.25 Km on 18 Km covered (1.5%). If you put 16" wheels instead of 15" the dif. is more than 6% 
2) The speed control : 
When I cleaned the speedo, I touch the needle and so  the speed was wrong after. How to fit it correct ?  
Personally I use a power-drill which needed 90 seconds to cover 1 km so it mean that the speed is 60 km/h x60 (sec for 1 minute)/90sec i.e. 40 km/h  (remember that 60 km/h mean 1 km per minute). So I shifted the needle to correct position.  
Is that a orthodox  way to repair ? No but I did it. 
After, I control on the road and I know that the real speed is little higher (5 km/h)  than what I read on the clock.

The author's story: "Tak-tak-tak-tak-tak" :no speedo anymore !

What that's mean ? I wondered too. The noise came from the speedo, and the speedo was shaking far under the real speed. Then the speedo left, but not the noise.
I remove the fuse door, put my hand inhere. Claimed to my wife: "It's under my control !".
Found the very warm mechanical speedo wire said "I get it". Then I stopped the car in a parking to remove the speedo wire. Then no noise anymore and no speedo either ...but the most important for english car owner : nothing could be read on my face too.
90 degrees gearingAt home I took out the 90 degrees gear, put lot of oil inside ( indeed impossible to open it !) and it works 2 days fine.  . and come again ! It really was hard to turn it  !

Then I went to the junkyard found another one from an old XJ6. This one seems very different: longer and seems to be left if mine was right. But it works fine after cutting part of the length.

Shift Kit

The effect of the shift kit is to make the car change gears with more force during driving.  
The shift kit consists of a new valve plate (very thin), which bolts between the valve body and the tranmission case. 
The kit is the size of a large envelope, containing one thin steel plate and 3 gaskets.  The instructions are very well written, and the easy installation took about 1/2 hour once the transmission pan was removed.  I spent a long time reading the instructions because automatic transmissions scare me, but that fear is fading. 

Greg Meboe

 

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